Tuesday 22 October 2013

Biography of Allama Muhammad Iqbal

Muhammad Iqbal
محمد اقبال
Iqbal.jpg
Born9 November 1877
SialkotPunjabBritish India
Died21 April 1938 (aged 60)
Lahore, Punjab, British India
Era20th century philosophy
RegionBritish India
Main interestsUrdu poetryPersian poetry
Notable ideasTwo-Nation Theory,Conception of Pakistan
WebsiteAllama Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal (Urduمحمد اقبال‎) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), also known as Allama Iqbal (علامہ اقبال), was a philosopher,poet and politician[1] in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature,[2] with literary work in both the Urdu and Persian languages.[1][2]
Iqbal is admired as a prominent classical poet by PakistaniIndianIranian, and other international scholars of literature.[3][4] Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet, he is also a highly acclaimed "Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times".[1][4] His first poetry book, Asrar-e-Khudi, appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include Rumuz-i-BekhudiPayam-i-Mashriq and Zabur-i-Ajam. Amongst these his best known Urdu works are Bang-i-DaraBal-i-JibrilZarb-i Kalim and a part ofArmughan-e-Hijaz.[5] In Iran and Afghanistan, he is famous as Iqbāl-e Lāhorī (اقبال لاهوری‎) (Iqbal of Lahore), and he is most appreciated for his Persian work.[6] Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his various Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes over the years.[5]
In 1922, he was knighted by King George V,[6][7] giving him the title "Sir".[8]
While studying law and philosophy in England, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League.[4][5]Later, in one of his most famous speeches, Iqbal pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in Northwest India. This took place in his presidential speech in the League's December 1930 session.[4][5] He was very close to the founder of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah.[5]
In much of Southern Asia and Urdu speaking world, Iqbal is regarded as the Shair-e-Mashriq (شاعر مشرق, "Poet of the East").[9][10][11] He is also called Muffakir-e-Pakistan (مفکر پاکستان, "The Thinker of Pakistan") and Hakeem-ul-Ummat (حکیم الامت, "The Sage of the Ummah"). The Pakistan government officially named him a "national poet".[4] His birthday Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl (یوم ولادت محمد اقبال) or (Iqbal Day) is a public holiday in Pakistan.[12] In India he is also remembered as the author of the popular song Saare Jahaan Se Achcha.

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