Cache memory

1. Pronounced as Cash (like the money). Cache is a high-speed access area that can be either a reserved section of main memory or a storage device. The two main cache types are memory cache and disk cache. Memory cache is a portion on memory of high-speed static RAM (SRAM) and is effective because most programs access the same data or instructions over-and-over. By keeping as much of this information as possible in SRAM, the computer avoids accessing the slower DRAM. Most computers today come with L3 cache or L2 cache, while older computers included only L1 cache.

• Where is cache located on the motherboard?
• Computer memory help and support.

2. Like memory caching, disk caching is used to access commonly accessed data. However, instead of using high-speed SRAM, a disk cache uses conventional main memory. The most recently accessed data from a disk is stored in a memory buffer. When a program needs to access data from the disk, it first checks the disk cache to see if the data is there. Disk caching can dramatically improve the performance of applications because accessing a byte of data in RAM can be thousands of times faster than accessing a byte on a hard drive.

3. Another cache is known as "Internet browser cache" also known as "Temporary Internet Files" in Internet Explorer. Internet cache is used to help improve how fast data is opened while browsing the Internet. In most cases, each time a web page is opened, it is sent to your browser's temporary cache on your hard drive. If that page is accessed again and has not been modified, the browser will open the page from your cache instead of downloading the page again. This saves users a lot of time, especially if that the user is using a modem, and can also help save the web page owner on bandwidth.

• How do I clear my Internet browser history?

4. A cache server is a computer or network device that has been setup to store web pages that have been accessed by users on a network. Any user trying to access a web page that has already been stored on the cache server will be sent the stored version instead of downloading the web page again. This helps reduce network and Internet traffic congestion as well as saves the company on bandwidth costs.

VGA Card

A video card (also called a video adapter, display card, graphics card, graphics board, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display. Most video cards offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-monitor).

Video hardware can be integrated into the motherboard or (as with more recent designs) the CPU, but all modern motherboards (and some from the 1980s) provide expansion ports to which a video card can be connected.^{[citation needed]} In this configuration it is sometimes referred to as a video controller or graphics controller. Modern low-end to mid-range motherboards often include a graphics chipset manufactured by the developer of the northbridge (e.g. an AMD chipset with Radeon graphics or an Intel chipset with Intel graphics) on the motherboard. This graphics chip usually has a small quantity of embedded memory and takes some of the system's main RAM, reducing the total RAM available. This is usually called integrated graphics or on-board graphics, and is usually low in performance and undesirable for those wishing to run 3D applications. A dedicated graphics card on the other hand has its own Random Access Memory or RAM and Processor specifically for processing video images, and thus offloads this work from the CPU and system RAM. Almost all of these motherboards allow (PCI-E) the disabling of the integrated graphics chip in BIOS, and have anAGP, PCI, or PCI Express(PCI-E) slot for adding a higher-performance graphics card in place of the integrated graphics.

A Radeon HD 4770 card
Connects to	Motherboard via one of: ISA MCA VLB PCI AGP PCI-X PCI Express Others Display via one of: VGA connector Digital Visual Interface Composite video S-Video Component video HDMI DMS-59 DisplayPort Others

Biography of John Henry Newman

"Henry Newman" redirects here. For the American soldier, see Henry Newman (Medal of Honor).

For other people named John Newman, see John Newman.

His Eminence John Henry Newman, C.O. D.D.
Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro
Portrait of John Henry Newman by John Everett Millais, 1881
Appointed	12 May 1879
Term ended	11 August 1890
Predecessor	Tommaso Maria Martinelli
Successor	Francis Aidan Gasquet
Other posts	Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford;Provost of the Birmingham Oratory
Orders
Ordination	29 May 1825 (Church of England) 30 May 1847 (Catholic Church)
Created Cardinal	12 May 1879
Rank	Cardinal Deacon
Personal details
Born	21 February 1801 London, England, United Kingdom
Died	11 August 1890 (aged 89) Edgbaston, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
Buried	Oratory House, Rednal, West Midlands, England, United Kingdom
Nationality	British
Denomination	Church of England (1801-1845), Catholic Church (1845-1890)
Parents	John Newman & Jemina Fourdrinier
Alma mater	Oxford University
Motto	Cor ad Cor Loquitur (Heart speaks unto Heart)
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day	9 October (Roman Catholic),[1]11 August (Church of England)
Beatified	19 September 2010 Cofton Park, Birmingham, England by Pope Benedict XVI
Shrines	Birmingham Oratory, Edgbaston, England

John Henry Newman

Other names	"Dr. Newman", "Cardinal Newman"
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western Philosophy
School	Aristotelianism Empiricism Personalism
Main interests	Faith and rationality Religious epistemology Historical Theology Christian apologetics Philosophy of education Liberal education
Notable ideas	The Development of doctrine The Illative sense
Influenced by[show]
Influenced[show]

John Henry Newman CO (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890^[2][3]), also referred to as Cardinal Newman and the Blessed John Henry Newman, was an important figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century. He was known nationally by the mid-1830s.^[4]

Originally an evangelical Oxford academic and priest in the Church of England, Newman was a leader in the Oxford Movement. This influential grouping of Anglicans wished to return the Church of England to many Catholic beliefs and forms of worship traditional in the medieval times to restore ritual expression. In 1845 Newman left the Church of England and was received into the Roman Catholic Church where he was eventually granted the rank of cardinal by Pope Leo XIII. He was instrumental in the founding of the Catholic University of Ireland,^[5] which evolved into University College, Dublin, today, the largest university in Ireland.

Newman's beatification was officially proclaimed by Pope Benedict XVI on 19 September 2010 during his visit to the United Kingdom.^[1]His canonisation is dependent on the documentation of additional miracles.

Newman was also a literary figure of note: his major writings including his autobiography Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1865–66), theGrammar of Assent (1870), and the poem The Dream of Gerontius (1865), which was set to music in 1900 by Edward Elgar as an oratorio.^[3] He wrote the popular hymns "Lead, Kindly Light" and "Praise to the Holiest in the Height" (taken from Gerontius).

Biography of William Wordsworth

"Wordsworth" redirects here. For other uses, see Wordsworth (disambiguation).

For the Scottish composer, see William Wordsworth (composer).

William Wordsworth
Portrait of William Wordsworth by Benjamin Robert Haydon (National Portrait Gallery).
Born	7 April 1770 Wordsworth House, Cockermouth, Kingdom of Great Britain
Died	23 April 1850 (aged 80) Cumberland, United Kingdom
Occupation	Poet
Alma mater	Cambridge University
Literary movement	Romanticism
Notable work(s)	Lyrical Ballads, Poems in Two Volumes, The Excursion, The Prelude

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semiautobiographical poem of his early years which he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as "the poem to Coleridge". Wordsworth was Britain's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.

Biography of George Eliot

For other people of the same name, see George Elliot (disambiguation).

"Mary Ann Evans" redirects here. For the wife of Benjamin Disraeli, see Mary Anne Disraeli.

George Eliot
Aged 30 by the Swiss artist Alexandre Louis François d'Albert Durade (1804–86)
Born	Mary Anne Evans 22 November 1819 South Farm, Arbury Hall, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England
Died	22 December 1880 (aged 61) 4 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London, England
Resting place	Highgate Cemetery (East), Highgate, London
Pen name	George Eliot
Occupation	Novelist
Period	Victorian
Notable work(s)	The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72), Daniel Deronda (1876)
Spouse(s)	John Cross (1880; her death)
Partner(s)	George Henry Lewes (1854–78) (his death)
Relative(s)	Robert Evans and Christiana Pearson (parents); Christiana, Isaac, Robert, and Fanny (siblings)

Mary Anne (alternatively Mary Ann or Marian) Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, journalist, and translator and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72), and Daniel Deronda(1876), most of them set in provincial England and known for their realism and psychological insight.

She used a male pen name, she said, to ensure her works would be taken seriously. Female authors were published under their own names during Eliot's life, but she wanted to escape the stereotype of women only writing lighthearted romances. An additional factor in her use of a pen name may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years.^[1]

Her 1872 work, Middlemarch, has been described as the greatest novel in the English language by Martin Amis^[2] and by Julian Barnes.^[3]

Biography of Mother Teresa

Not to be confused with Maria Theresa (disambiguation).

Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, M.C.
Mother Teresa at a pro-life meeting in 1986 inBonn, West Germany
Religion	Roman Catholic
Order	Sisters of Loreto (1928–1948) Missionaries of Charity (1950–1997)
Personal
Nationality	Ottoman (1910-12); Serbian (1912-15); Bulgarian (1915-18);Yugoslav (1918-48); Indian (1948-1997)
Born	Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu 26 August 1910 Skopje, Ottoman Empire
Died	5 September 1997 (aged 87) Calcutta, West Bengal, India
Senior posting
Title	Superior General
Period in office	1950–1997
Successor	Sister Nirmala Joshi, M.C.

Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, M.C.
Bl. Mother Teresa Statue in St. Thomas Mount
Honored in	Catholic Church (Missionaries of Charity and India)
Beatified	19 October 2003, St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, by Pope John Paul II
Majorshrine	Mother House of the Missionaries of Charity, Calcutta (Kolkata), West Bengal, India
Feast	5 September
Patronage	World Youth Day

The Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, M.C.,^[1] commonly known as Mother Teresa (26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was anAlbanian born, Indian Roman Catholic Religious Sister.

Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, which in 2012 consisted of over 4,500 sisters and is active in 133 countries. They run hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis; soup kitchens; children's and family counseling programmes; orphanages; and schools. Members of the order must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, and the fourth vow, to give "Wholehearted and Free service to the poorest of the poor".

Mother Teresa was the recipient of numerous honours including the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. In late 2003, she was beatified, the third step toward possible sainthood, giving her the title "Blessed Teresa of Calcutta". A second miracle credited to her intercession is required before she can be recognised as a saint by the Catholic Church.^[1]

Admired and respected by many, she has also been accused of failing to provide medical care or painkillers, misusing charitable money, and maintaining positive relationships with dictators.^[2][3]