Friday, 11 October 2013
Some useful information of important substances
Densities
of solid and liquid
|
Solid
|
Density
|
Liquid
|
Density
|
|
Cork
|
0.2 to 0.3
|
Water (at 4◦C)
|
1.00
|
|
Glass
|
2.4 to 2.6
|
Milk
|
1.85
|
|
Marble
|
2.5 to 2.8
|
Kerosene oil
|
0.81
|
|
Iron
|
7.2
|
Petrol
|
0.7—0.8
|
|
Gold
|
19.2
|
Turpentine oil
|
0.87
|
|
Ice
|
0.92
|
Glycerin
|
1.26
|
|
Nickel
|
8.9
|
Benzene
|
0.85
|
|
Tin
|
7.3
|
Sulphuric acid
|
1.3
|
|
Brass
|
8.1 to 8.5
|
Mercury (at 0◦C)8
|
13.6
|
|
Aluminium
|
2.7
|
Sea water
|
1.03—1.05
|
|
Lead
|
11.3
|
Ethanol
|
0.81
|
|
Silver
|
10.5
|
|
|
|
Copper
|
9.2
|
|
|
|
Pinewood
|
0.4—0.7
|
|
|
|
Oakwood
|
0.6—0.9
|
|
|
|
Balsawood
|
0.15
|
|
|
|
Ice at 0◦C
|
0.92
|
|
|
Approximate Co—Efficient of
sliding friction
|
Objective (Dry surface)
|
Co—efficient of friction
|
|
Between wood and wood
|
0.25—0.5
|
|
Between wood and stone
|
0.4
|
|
Between metal and metal
|
0.2
|
|
Between wood and leather
|
0.4
|
|
Between ice and ice
|
0.028
|
|
Rubber tyres on hard road
|
0.5—0.7
|
Specific Heat Capacity of Some
Substances
|
Substance
|
Jol per K per kg
|
Substance
|
Jol per K per kg
|
|
Water
|
4200
|
Copper
|
385
|
|
Ethanol
|
2500
|
Aluminium
|
913
|
|
Turpentine oil
|
1760
|
Lead
|
126
|
|
Hydrogen
|
14300
|
Iron
|
106
|
|
Air
|
993
|
Steel
|
420
|
|
Helium
|
5240
|
Granite
|
820
|
|
Oxygen
|
913
|
Marble
|
900
|
|
Carbon dioxide
|
1000
|
Concrete
|
3350
|
Latent heat of fusion
of some substance
|
Substance
|
Jol per g per K
|
|
Water
|
3350
|
|
Aluminium
|
390
|
|
Iron
|
270
|
|
Copper
|
210
|
|
Mercury
|
1.3
|
Latent heat of
vapourization of some substance
|
Substance
|
Jol per g per K
|
|
Water
|
2260
|
|
Ethanol
|
850
|
|
Ether
|
350
|
|
Turpentine
|
270
|
Fractional distillation of petroleum
Name
|
Composition
|
Boiling range
|
Uses
|
Petroleum
Gas
|
C1 to C4
|
Up to 25◦C
|
As
a fuel, as such in the form of LPG used for the production of carbon black
(needed in tyre industry) and hydrogen gas (needed to form NH3 used to
manufacture fertilizer).
|
Petroleum
Ether
|
C5 to C7
|
30 to 80◦C
|
Used
as laboratory solvent and for dry cleaning purposes .
|
Gasoline
or Petrol
|
C7 to C10
|
80 to 170◦C
|
Used
as fuel in motorcycle motor cars and other light vehicles.It is more volatile
then Kerosene oil.It is also used for dry cleaning.
|
Kerosene
oil
|
C10 to C12
|
170 to 250◦C
|
Used
as domestic fuel, a special grade of it is used as jet fuel.
|
Diesel
oil
|
C13 to C15
|
250 to 350◦C
|
Fuel
for buses, trucks railway engines, tubewell engines and other heavy vehicles.
|
Fuel
oil
|
C15 to C18
|
350 to 400◦C
|
Used
in ships and industries to heat boilers and furnaces.
|
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